CBSE NET 2015 : PUBLIC NOTICE

CBSE UGC NET June 2015 - Public Notice

On behalf of UGC, the Central Board of Secondary Education announces holding of the National Eligibility Test (NET) on 28th June 2015 (SUNDAY) for determining the eligibility of Indian nationals for the Eligibility for Assistant Professor only or Junior Research Fellowship & Eligibility for Assistant Professor Both in Indian universities and colleges. CBSE will conduct NET in 84 subjects at 89 selected NET Examination Cities spread across the country.

The candidates who qualify for the award of Junior Research Fellowship are eligible to pursue research in the subject of their post-graduation or in a related subject and are also eligible for Assistant Professor. The universities, institutions, IITs and other national organizations may select the JRF awardees for whole time research work in accordance with the procedure prescribed by them. The award of JRF and Eligibility for Assistant Professor both OR Eligibility for Assistant Professor only will depend on the performance of the candidate in all three papers of NET. However, the candidates qualifying exclusively for Assistant Professor will not be considered for award of JRF.

NET PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS

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UGC NET : PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS

TWENTIETH CENTURY LITERATURE

Twentieth Century Literature

During the twentieth-century, English literature took a new turn, bringing a noticeable sign of development in almost all its branches, especially in novel-writing. The World-War II left an unavoidable influence on the contemporary literature. The signs of rapidly grown modernity are noticed in prose and poetry, not only in England but also in America. 

The prominent writers during the century were Rudyard Kipling (1856-1936), Herbert G. Wells (1866-1946), John Galsworthy (1867-1933), James M. Barrie (1860-1937), Joseph Conrad (1857-1924), Arnold Bennett (1867-1931), Samuel Butler (1835-1902), John Masefield, George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), William Butler Yeats (1865-1939), George W. Russell (1867-1935), John Millington Synge (1871-1909), Walter de la Mare (1873-1956), among others. 

Kipling's verses possess ballad-like quality. Some of them are "Departmental Ditties", "Barrack-Room Ballads" etc. Some of his best verses are "Ballad of East and West", "Gunga Din", "Fuzzy Wuzzy" etc. His short story collection include "A Diversity of Creatures", "Soldiers Three", and also his fictions, "The Brushwood Boy", "Captain's Courageous", "Kim", "The Jungle Book" etc. make him a great writer. 

H.G. Wells is known mainly for his unique style of writing. His famous works are "An Experiment in Autobiography", "Tono-Bungay", "The New Machiavelli", "The Soul of a Bishop", "Joan and Peter", "Outline of History", "A Year of Prophesying", "The Shape of Things to Come", "The Time Machine", "Mr. Britling Sees it Through", "The Wheel of  Chance" etc. 

Galsworthy's novels, "The Man of Property", "Flowing Wilderness and Indian Summer of a Forsyle" raised him to the level of front rank novelists. His plays, "The Island Pharisees", "Justice", "Loyalties", "Escape", "The Silver Box", etc are also popular. Masefield's "Collected Poems", "Salt-Water Ballads", "Ballads and Poems", "The Everlasting Mercy", "The Widow in the Bye Street", "The Daffodil Fields", "End and Beginning" etc. are masterpieces. 

Barnard Shaw is perhaps the most dynamic dramatist of modern English literature. His famous dramas are "Windows' Houses", "Simpleton of the Unexpected Isles", "Caesar and Cleopatra", "The Devil's Disciples", "The Doctor's Dilemma", "Candida", "John Bull's Other Island", "Divorcee", "Getting Married" etc. W.B. Yeats is a renowned essayist, editor, poet, playwright of the modern age. His famous works are "The Seven Woods", "Wild Swans at Coole", "The wind among the Reeds", "Collected Poems" etc. and his plays, like "Land of Heart's Desire", "The Shadowy Waters" etc. are notable. Walter dela Mare is a famous modern poet. Some of his poetical works are "The Listeners and Other Poems", "Peacock Pie", "The Fleeting and Other Poems", "Bells and Grass", "Collected Poems" etc. 

The inter-war years (World War II) produced many bold writers in English literature. Some of them are David Herbert Lawrence (1885-1930), James Joyce (1882-1941), Virginia Woolf (1882-1941), Edward Morgan Foster (1879-1970), Aldous Leonard Huxley (1894-1963), Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889), T.S. Eliot (1888-1965), Wystan Hugh Auden (1907-1973), Stephen Spender (1909-1977), C. Day Lewis (1904-1972), Louis MacNiece (1907-1967), Dame Edith Sitwell (1887-1964), Sean O'case'y (1884-1964), Sir Noel Coward (1899-1973), William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965), J.B. Priestley(1894- ), James Bridie (1888-1951) etc. 

Among the writers of miscellaneous prose, Winston Churchill (1874-1965) stands supreme. His speeches and non-fictional works include "Into Battle", "The Second World War" etc. 

During the forties and the later period of the twentieth-century, there was a remarkable growth of the American novels in English language. The works of the American novels are found to be realistic with picture of contemporary life and society, indicating lack of moral values, exposure of corruption, emotional crises etc. The famous writer in this respect is Earnest Hemmingway (1898-1962) whose noteworthy novels are "The Sun Also Rises", "Men Without Women", "A Farwell to Arms", "To Have and Have Not" and "For Whom the Bell Tolls". 

William Faulkner (1897-1962) is the author of "Soldier's Pay", "The Sound and Fury", "Sanctuary" etc. Ezra Pound (1885-1972) was a famous imagist poet; his works include "The Pisan Cantons" which indicate vast survey of history from his personal emotional sustenance.

Among the modern outstanding writers of prose in England are Henry Miller (1891- ), John Steinbeck (1902-1968), Nelson Allgren (1909- ), James Baldwin (1924- ), V.S. Naipaul (1932- ), Graham Greene (1904- ), Charles Percy Snow (1905- ), Evelyn Wamgh (1903-1950), etc. and in the field of poetry, Dylan Marlais Thomas (1914-1953), George Barker (1913- ), Robert Conquest (1917- ), Ted Hughes (1930- ), Dominic Frank (Dom) Moraes (1938- ), etc. As dramatists, Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956), the foremost, Samuel Beckett (1906- ), John James Osborne (1929- ), Arnold Wesker (1932- ), Harold Pinter (1930- ), etc. are famous. 

Popular scientific literature has also grown during the post-war period. The names of Julian Huxley, Jacob Bronowski, J.D. Bernal etc. are noteworthy in this respect. Huxley's "Man in the Modern World" and Bronowski's "The Ascent of Man" are very popular.

Twentieth Centaury Literature

VICTORIAN AGE

The Victorian Age

The later part of the nineteenth century is said to be the "Victorian Age" of English literature, because Victoria became queen of England in 1837, and there was rapid growth of democracy and splendid progress in all branches of art and science. The age produced two great poets, Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) and Robert Browning (1812-1889). Tennyson is famous for his works, like "Poems", "The Princes", "a Medley", "Maud", "In Memoriam", "The Idylls of the King", "Ballads", "Demeter" etc. Robert Browning's works, like "Paulin", "Paracelsus", "Stafford", "Sordello", "Bells and Pomegranates", "Letters", "The Ring and The Book", "Dramatic Lyrics", "Dramatic Romances and Lyrics", "Men and Women", "Dramatic Personae", "The Inn Album", "Jocoseria Colombe's Birthday", "In a Balcony", "Fifine at the Fair", "Red Cotton Night-Cap Country", and of all "The Last Ride Together", established him as a great poet of the age. 

Besides the said two poets, there were few other prominent writers of the age. Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) was the leading writer of all of them. Her "Piers Plowman", "The Seraphim and Other Poems", "Sonnets from the Portuguese", "Casa Guide Windows", "Aurora Leigh", "Poem Before Congress", "Last Poems" are remarkable. Robert Browning married this invalid talented lady whose fame spread much before her husband in the literary field. 

Other writers were Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Moris, and Algernon Charles Swinburne. Among the novelists of the Victorian age, the most prominent was Charles Dickens (1812-1870) whose major works included "Pickwick Papers", "Oliver Twist", "Nicholas Nickleby", "Bleak Dorrit", "Davis Copperfield", "The Chimes", "The Cricket on the Hearth", "Charismas Carol", "Dombey and Son", "Our Mutual Friend", "Old Curiosity Shop" etc. 

Another successful novelist of the age was William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) whose important works are "Henry Esmond", "Pendennis", "The Newcomes", "The Virginians", and of all of them the most popular "Vanity Fair" that brought him instant fame. His essays, like "English Humorists" and "The Four Georges", are among finest essays of the period. 

In the Victorian Age, the prominent writers, like Mary Ann Evans, George Eliot produced a few worthy novels, like "Scenes of Clerical Life", "Adam Bede", "Mill on the Floss", "Silas Marner", "Romola", "Felix Halt", "Middlemarch", "Daniel Deronda" etc., the drama-poem, "Spanish Gypsy", and a volume of essays, "the Impressions of Theophrastus Such" etc. 

Among other writers of the Victorian Age, there were Charles Reade, Anthony Trollope, Charlotte Bonti, Edward Bulwer Lytton, Charles Kingsley, Mrs. Elizabeth Gaskell, Thomas Hardy, Robert Louis Stevenson, Richard Doddridge Blackman, George Meredith, Thomas Babington Macaulay, an essayist, Thomas Carlyh, John Ruskin, Mathew Arnold, John Henry Newman etc. 

Thomas Hardy's "Under the Greenwood Tree", "A Pair of Blue Eyes", "Far from the Madding Crowd", "The Return of Nature", "The Woodlanders", "Tess of the D'Urbervillas", "Jude the Obscure" are his best works. 

Stevenson's wonderful novels, such as "Treasure Island", "Dr. Jekyll and Hyde", "Kidnapped", "The Master of Ballantrae", "David Balfour", and his remarkable essays, namely "Virginibus Puerisque", "Familiar Studies of Men and Books", and "Memoirs and portraits", and his sketches of travels, like "An Island Voyage", "Travels with a Donkey", "Across the Plains", "The Amateur Emigrant", and also volumes of poems, "Underwoods", "A Child's Garden of Verses" make him a great author. 

Macaulay is famous in literature for his essays, such as History of England, Essays on  Milton, etc. His poetical work "Lays of an Ancient Rome" is a collection of ballads. Ruskin's major essays are "Ethics of the Dust", "Crown of Wild Olive", "Sesame and Lilies", "Fors Clavigera", "Unto the Last", and of his books of art, "Seven Lamps of Architecture", "Stones of Venice", "Modern Painters" established him as prominent writer of the age. 

Mathew Arnold's popular works are "The Strayed Reveller and other poems", "Balder Dead", "Sohrab and Rustam", "Empedocles on Etna and Other Poems"; His essays: "The Study of Poetry", "On Translating Homer", "Essays in Criticism", "Friendship's Garland", "Culture and Anarchy" and books on religious subjects, like "St. Paul and Protestantism", "Liberation and Dogma", "God and the Bible", "Last Essays on Church and Religion", "Discourses in America" etc. are equally adored.

AGE OF ROMANTICISM

The Age Of Romanticism

During the first half of the nineteenth century, known as "Age of Romanticism", the literature in England was largely political in form, and mainly romantic in spirit. In the early works of Wordsworth, Byron and Shelley the political turmoil in England and the triumph of democracy are reflected. The age is marked by the first appearance of some women novelists, like Anne Radcliffe, Jane Porter, Maria Edgeworth, and Jane Austen, in addition to many prominent poets, like William Wordsworth (170-1850) who is famous for his "Lyrical Ballads" (in the partnership with Coleridge), "The Prelude", "The Excursion", "The Recluse", "The Home at Grasmere", especially for poems, "Lucy", "Intimations of Immortality", etc. 

Samuel Coleridge (1772-1834), a powerful poet and a contemporary of Wordsworth, was a great man of grief who made the world glad. His chief contribution is "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" to the "Lyrical Ballads". His other famous poems are "A Day Dream", "The Devil's Thoughts", "The Suicide's Argument", "The Day Wandering of Cain", "Kubla Khan", "Christabal" etc.; and his prose works include "Biographia Literaria", or "Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions", "Lectures on Shakespeare", "Aids to Reflection" etc. 

Robert Southey (1774-1843) is famous for his "Thalaba", "The Curse of Kehama", "Madoc", "Roderick", "Life of Nelson", "Lives of British Admirals" etc. Walter Scott (1771-1883) is poet of "Marmion", "Lady of the Lake", "Ministrelsy of the Scottish Border", "The Lady of the Last Ministrel" etc. His novels, "Waverley", "Guy Mannering", "The Antiquary", "Black Dwarf", "Old Mortality", "Rob Roy", "The Heart of Midlothian" etc. are successful. But is most popular work is "Ivanhoe" which was followed by "Kenilworth", "Nigel", "Peveril", "Woodstock", "Count Robert", "The Talisman" etc. 

George Gordon, Lord Byron's (1788-1824) famous works are "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage", "Manfred", "Cain", "Mazeppa", "The prisoner of Chillon", "The Corsair", "The Giaour", "Don Juan" etc. Percy Bysshe Shelley's (1792-1822) noteworthy works are "Alastor", or "the Spirit of Solitude", "Prometheus Unbound", "Queen Mab", "The Revolt of Islam", "Hellas", "The Witch of Atlas", "Adonais", etc. Shelley's popular poems are "The Cloud", "To a Skylark", "Ode to the West Wind", "To Night" etc. 

John Keats (1795-1821), a poet devoted to his ideal, who lived for poetry, has produced wonderful poetry: Poems, "Endymion", "Lamia, Isabella", "The Eve of St. Agnes", and "Other Poems" etc. Charles Lamb (1775-1835) is renowned chiefly for his "Tales from Shakespeare", in addition to "Rosamund Gray", "John Woodvil", "Specimens of English Dramatic Poets Contemporary with Shakespeare", "Last Essays of Elia" etc. 

Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859) is recognized as an established author for his prose works, like "Confessions of an English Opium Eater", "Literary Reminiscences", "On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth", "Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts", "Letters to a Young Man", "Joan of Arc", "The Revolt of The Tartars", "The English Mail-coach", "Autobiographical Sketches" etc. He wrote on wide range subjects: "Klosterheim", a novel, "Logic of Political Economy", "The Essays on Style and Rhetoric", "Philosophy of Herodotus" etc. 

Jane Austen (1775-1817), who is a powerful author, was famous for her novels, like "Pride and Prejudice", "Sense and Sensibility", "Emma", "Mansfield Park", "Northanger Abbey" etc.